There may be many factors that contribute to insomnia, including age, drug use, exercise, mental status, and bedtime routines. Chronic insomnia is almost always associated with feeling overtired and may be associated with symptoms of depression. This becomes a self-perpetuating cycle because increased anxiety leads to increased arousal, and higher levels of arousal make the prospect of falling asleep even more unlikely. It is not uncommon for people suffering from insomnia to experience increased levels of anxiety about their inability to fall asleep. As mentioned earlier, one of the criteria for insomnia involves experiencing these symptoms for at least three nights a week for at least one month’s time (Roth, 2007). In addition, these individuals may wake up several times during the night only to find that they have difficulty getting back to sleep. Individuals with insomnia often experience long delays between the times that they go to bed and actually fall asleep. Narcolepsy.Insomnia, a consistent difficulty in falling or staying asleep, is the most common of the sleep disorders. (2016). Treatment options for narcolepsy.
You can learn more about how we ensure our content is accurate and current by reading our editorial policy. We link primary sources - including studies, scientific references, and statistics - within each article and also list them in the resources section at the bottom of our articles. Medical News Today has strict sourcing guidelines and draws only from peer-reviewed studies, academic research institutions, and medical journals and associations. avoiding heavy meals, alcohol, or caffeine right before bed.taking strategic naps lasting approximately 20 minutes.The NINDS notes that some people may find certain strategies helpful in managing the symptoms. The study authors note the need for further sleep studies involving people undergoing treatment to understand the effectiveness of these treatment options. stimulants, such as methylphenidate (Ritalin), dextroamphetamine ( Adderall), and amphetamine (Evekeo).sodium oxybate (Xyrem) for both sleepiness and muscle tone.antidepressants for cataplexy, which include selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors ( SSRIs and SNRIs).modafinil ( Provigil) and armodafinil (Nuvigil) for sleepiness.Some recent therapies that doctors use to treat narcolepsy include: automatic behaviors, where a person will continue doing an activity without conscious awareness, resulting in impaired performanceĪccording to a 2016 study, treatment for both types of narcolepsy generally focuses on treating a person’s symptoms.hallucinations - either before falling asleep or during sleep paralysis - that can be unsettling and involve the vision and other senses.The NINDS adds that other symptoms can include: They may fall asleep during an activity and stay asleep for a few seconds to a few minutes. a sudden loss of muscle strength or toneĪs the condition gets worse, the symptoms can interfere with a person’s regular activities.an irresistible urge to sleep, known as a “sleep attack”.periods of tiredness, low energy, or drowsiness.However, over time, a person may experience varying symptoms - the severity of which can keep changing. The symptoms are often mild initially and gradually build in intensity.Įxcessive sleepiness is typically the first symptom that a person will experience. The NORD states that symptoms may come on slowly, appearing one at a time over the course of several years. Narcolepsy can affect people differently in terms of symptom severity. Narcolepsy with cataplexy can present with symptoms similar to those of other, unrelated health conditions. Doctors used to refer to type 1 narcolepsy as narcolepsy with cataplexy and to type 2 narcolepsy as narcolepsy without cataplexy.Īlthough the names of these types have changed, doctors still define the type of narcolepsy by whether or not a person experiences muscle weakness in addition to sleepiness. The NINDS explains that there are two major types of narcolepsy: type 1 and type 2. When it affects the whole body, it can cause the person to collapse. The Narcolepsy Network adds that cataplexy causes a sudden loss of muscle tone - either throughout the body or in certain muscles - in response to a strong emotion. The other common symptoms are a specific hallucination that occurs just before falling asleep or immediately after waking and a brief period of paralysis on waking up. Cataplexy is one of three symptoms commonly associated with narcolepsy. The National Organization for Rare Diseases (NORD) uses the term cataplexy to refer to a sudden, extreme muscle weakness.
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